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Analysts are still debating the finer points of what Japan's nascent casino gambling market will look like, but the discussion may be a moot point. After the country's national elections earlier this month dealt the ruling party a decisive loss, there may be no casino market at all.

Following the passage of the first enabling legislation last year by Japan's national legislative body, it looked as though casinos were on the fast track to approval. From tax rates and where casinos would be sited to which casino operator will win a new license when they're issued, there has been a lot of talk about how Japan will legislate gambling houses.

Lots of speculation

Wynn Resorts (NASDAQ:WYNN), for example, was an early favorite to win a license, but a legal battle with a Japanese businessman and a smaller percentage of square footage devoted to meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions put it at a disadvantage, and now Las Vegas Sands (NYSE:LVS) and MGM Resorts (NYSE:MGM) are the front-runners. Everyone, though, has said they'd be willing to spend as much as $10 billion each to develop the market. 

And where Tokyo was once viewed as a shoo-in to get a casino sited, it's now reportedly fallen, and cities like Osaka, Yokohama, and Nagasaki are the leading candidates.

There is also talk of imposing tax rates of around 22% on casinos, and though it sounds high, that would actually give Japan a competitive advantage since gambling halls in Macau face rates of almost 40%. Conversely, the possibility of strict identification requirements such as submitting Social Security numbers each time you enter a casino might serve to dampen enthusiasm on their acceptance.

A lost opportunity?

Yet all of this might be much ado about nothing. Legislators had already been dragging their feet on introducing enabling legislation for casino operations, pushing back any bills till later this year and delaying the plans anyone had of getting to work right away. Now all of these grand plans may be for naught.

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's Liberal Democratic Party suffered big losses in elections held in Tokyo earlier this month, losing nearly two-thirds of the seats it held. On the surface, the local electoral defeat should change nothing nationally, but the crushing losses by the LDP could signal risk countrywide as Tokyo's elections are seen as an indicator of national sentiment. Previous elections where the LDP lost big resulted in similar results nationally.

The only saving grace is that this time, no national referendum need be held until late 2018, so the LDP-controlled Diet could still pass a casino bill. The risk, though, is that large percentages of Japan's population are opposed to making casinos legal because the country has higher rates of gambling addiction than do other countries. Where in most countries, 1% of the population is sad to have a gambling problem, Japan's percentage runs five times higher.

The casino legalization bill that passed last December was already a highly contentious piece of legislation and was passed only because of the large majorities held by the LDP. But opponents may now become more emboldened to take on Abe and the LDP on the casino bill while party members may become more reticent.

It's possible Japan's legislature could still pass the bills needed to make casino gambling a reality, and all of the jockeying for position and finer points of regulation will be a necessary part of the dialogue to make the country the most expensive casino market in the world. However, this crushing electoral defeat for the ruling party, though seemingly local in nature, decreases the odds that a casino bill will see the light of day.

Rich Duprey has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.